A.Internet
1.Pengertian Internet
Internet can be interpreted as a broad and large computer networks worldwide, namely
connects computer users from one country to other countries around the world,
which included a variety of information resources ranging from static
up to a dynamic and interactive.
2. History of the Internet
Here's the history of the emergence and development of the internet.
Intenet history began in 1969 when the U.S. Department of Defense, U.S.
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) decided to
conduct research on how to connect a number of computers
thus forming an organic network. This research program known as the
ARPANET. In 1970, already more than 10 computers which successfully connected to
each other so that they can communicate with each other and form a network.
In 1972, Roy Tomlinson managed to complete the e-mail program that he created
a year ago for the ARPANET. E-mail program is so easy that directly
became popular. In the same year, was also introduced as icon @ symbol
important that shows the "at" or "on". In 1973, the ARPANET computer network
were developed outside the United States. Computer University College in London
is the first computer that is outside the United States who are members of the network
Arpanet. In the same year, two computer experts that Vinton Cerf and Bob
Kahn presented a bigger idea, which became the forerunner
Internet thinking. This idea was presented for the first time at the University of Sussex.
The next was a historic day on March 26, 1976, when the Queen of England had
send an e-mail from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern. One year
then, more than 100 computers on ARPANET joined to form
a network or network. In 1979, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis and Steve Bellovin,
creating the first-named newsgroups USENET. 1981 France
Telecom creates a buzz by launching the first television telephone, where
people can call each other while dealing with the video link.
Because computer networks that make up the daily increasing, then
needed a formal protocol that is recognized by all the networks. In 1982
established the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol or TCP or IP that we
know it all. Meanwhile in Europe appear counter computer network known
with Eunet, which provides computer network services in countries of the Netherlands,
Britain, Denmark and Sweden. Eunet network providing e-mail and newsgroup
USENET.
To homogenize the address on an existing computer network, then in 1984
introduced the domain name system, which we now know as DNS or Domain
Name System. Computer connected to the existing network already exceeds
Over 1,000 computers. In 1987 the number of computers connected to the network
soared 10-fold manjadi 10,000.
1988, Jarko Oikarinen of Finland found and at the same time introducing
IRC or Internet Relay Chat. A year later, the number of computers that are
Reconnecting jumped 10-fold in a year. No less than 100,000
now forming a network computer. 1990 is the year of the most
historic, when Tim Berners Lee found the program editor and browser that can
roam from one computer to another computer, which form
the network. The program is called www, or the World Wide Web.
In 1992, the computers that are connected to form the network has exceeded
million computers, and in the same year the term surfing the internet. Year
1994, the website has grown into a 3,000 page address, and for the first
time in a virtual-shopping or e-retail surfaced on the internet. The world changed. In
Yahoo! was founded the same year, which was also well-born Netscape Navigator
1.0.
3. The benefits of the internet
In general, there are many benefits that can be obtained if a person has
access to the internet. Below is some of what is available on the internet: 1. Information
for private life: health, recreation, hobbies, personal development, spiritual,
social. 2. Information for professional life / worker: science, technology, trade,
stocks, commodities, business news, professional associations, business associations, various forums
communication.
The most interesting thing is the membership internet knows no national boundaries,
race, economic class, ideology or other factors that may normally inhibit
exchange of ideas. The Internet is a world community that is very
democratic and has a code of ethics that all members are respected. Benefit
Internet mainly obtained through cooperation between individuals or groups without
knowing the limits of distance and time.
To further improve the quality of human resources in Indonesia, it's time
Indonesian professionals utilizing the Internet and become part of the
world information society.
B. Web Site or Site
1.Pengertian Web Site or Site
Site can be defined as a collection of pages that are used for
information displays, motion picture, sound, and or a combination of all of the
both static and dynamic form of a series of buildings
interrelated each of which is connected with the links.
2. Elements of the Web Site or Site
To build the site required several elements that must exist so that the site can
going well and as expected. The elements that must be present in
sites include:
a. Domain Name Domain name or so-called domain name is the address
permanent site in the world that is used to identify a site
or in other words, the domain name is the address that is used to find
our website in the Internet world. The term is commonly used is the URL. Example of a
URL is http://www.octa_haris.tripod.com--dapat also without www -
There are many kinds of domain names that we can choose as you wish.
Here are some domain names that are often used and are available on the internet:
1. Generic Domains (gTLDs)
A domain name that ends
with. Com. Net. Org. Edu. Mil or. Gov. This type of domain is often also called the top
level domains and domain are not affiliated by state, so anyone
can register.
O.com: a top-level domain dedicated to the needs of "commercial".
Ø.edu: a domain devoted to the needs of the education
(Education)
Ø.gov: a domain for government (government)
Ø.mil: a domain for the needs of the armed forces (military)
Ø.org: domain for a non profit organization or institution (Organization).
2. Country-Specific Domains (ccTLDs)
Domain that is associated with a two-letter extension, and is often also called the second
level domains, like. id (Indonesian). au (Australia),. jp (Japan) and others. This domain
dimasing operated and registered in the state. In Indonesia, these domains
ending,. co.id,. ac.id,. go.id,. mil.id,. or.id, and the recently added with
war.net.id,. mil.id, and web.id. The use of each of these suffixes
differ depending on users and use, among others:
Ø.co.id: For enterprises that have a valid legal entity
Ø.ac.id: For Educational Institutions
Ø.go.id: Special to the Government Agency of the Republic of Indonesia
Ø.mil.id: Especially for Military Institutions of the Republic of Indonesia
Ø.or.id: For all kinds of organizations are not included in the category yand
"Ac.id", "co.id", "go.id", "mil.id" and others
Ø.war.net.id: for internet cafe industry in Indonesia
Ø.sch.id: special education Institutions
such as elementary, junior high or high school and
Ø.web.id: Intended for business entities, organizations or individuals who
conduct its activities in the World Wide Web.
Domain name of each site in the world there is none so
None of the sites will be found mixed up or confused the name of its Web page.
To obtain a domain name leasing is done, usually within
specific (annual).
b. Hosting
Hosting can be interpreted as the space contained in the hard drive where
storing a variety of data, files, images, etc. are shown
on the site. The amount of data that can be added depending on the size of the hosting
leased / owned, the greater the greater the hosting of data that can be
entered and displayed within the site.
Hosting is also obtained by renting. Determined the magnitude of hosting space
hard drive size MB (Mega Byte) or GB (Giga Byte). Lama rental hosting
the average is calculated per year. Rental of the hosting companies do
tenant web hosting is often found in Indonesia and Foreign Affairs.
c. Scripts / Language Program
Is the language used to translate each command in the site
when accessed. Determine the types of scripts are very static, dynamic or interactive
a site. The more variety of scripts that use it will look website
increasingly dynamic, and interactive as well as look good. The good sites can be seen
with visitor response and the frequency of visits.
Diverse scripts have been present at this time to support the quality of the site. Types of scripts
are widely used by designers such as HTML, ASP, PHP, JSP, Java Scripts,
Java applets, etc.. The basic language used every site is HTML, while ASP
and the other is the language that acts as a regulator of supporting dynamic,
and interactive websites.
Scripts ASP, PHP, JSP or more can be made, can also be purchased from vendors
scripts are usually located in a foreign country. Scripts median price is very expensive because
difficult to make, usually in the tens of millions. Scripts are usually used
to build a news portal, articles, discussion forums, guest books, members of the organization,
email, mailing lists and other things that need updating at any time. Special
Online language veil using ASP (Active Server Pages).
d. Web Design
After doing the leasing domain and hosting as well as mastery scripts, elements
The most important sites and is the main design. Web design is crucial
the quality and beauty of the site. Design is very influential to the visitor ratings
be good or a web site.
To make the site can usually do it yourself or hire a web services
designer. Nowadays so many web designers services, especially in big cities. Need
known that the quality of the site is determined by the quality of the designer. More and more
many web designers mastery of the various programs / software support
site creation it will produce more quality sites, as well as
otherwise. Web services typically require designers is the highest cost of
the entire cost of the construction site and all of it That depends ng designer quality.
e. Publication
The existence of the site is of no use built without a visit or known by
community or visitors internet. Because the site is effective or not depends
of the amount of incoming visitors and comments. To introduce the site to
people need what is called a publication or promotion.
Publication in the public site can be done in various ways such as by
pamphlets-pamphlets, leaflets, billboards and so forth but this way can be said to be still
less effective and very limited. way usually do and most effective
with unlimited space or time is publication on the Internet through
search engines-search engine (search engines, such as: Yahoo, Google, Search Indonesia,
etc.)
Way of publication in the search engines are free and some are paid. Which
usually limited and free long enough to get in and be recognized in the search engines
famous like Yahoo or Google. Publication is an effective way to pay,
though it should be a little put out but quickly got into the site search engine
and recognized by visitors.
3. Web Site Maintenance or Site
To support the continuation of site maintenance is required at any time in accordance
desired such as the addition of information, news, articles, links, pictures or other
forth. Without proper maintenance site will seem boring or
monotonous visitors will also be abandoned.
Site maintenance can be done by a certain period such as every day, every week
or once every month on a regular basis or only periodically depending on needs (not
routine). Routine maintenance is typically used by news websites, article providers,
organizations or government agencies. While the venom for periodic maintenance
personal websites, sales / e-commerce, and so forth.
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